当前位置: 首页 > 教师博客 > 浅谈英语常见句子成分

浅谈英语常见句子成分

2009年03月12日 22:04:43 来源:教师Office 访问量:551


句子成分
(一)句子成分的定  句子是用一个或者多个单词组成的基本表意位。构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主谓语;次要成分有表宾语、定、状和同位
(二)主
句子明的主体和象,一般位于句首。但在there be构、疑句(当主不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主可由名、代、数、不定式、、名化的形容和主从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, Americancountry musichas become more and more popular.(名
Weoften speak English in class.(代
One-thirdof the students in this class are girls.(数
To swimin the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoes harm to the health.
The richshould help the poor.(名化的形容
When we are going to have an English testhas not been decided.(主从句)
Itis necessaryto master a foreign language.it作形式主,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)
谓语用于说明主语的动作,状态,身份,特征等内容,一般紧跟主语后面。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunning every morning.
2
、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmay keepthe book for two weeks. Hehas caughta bad cold.2)由系动词加表语构成。如:Weare students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is anAmerican.(名词)
Is ityours?(代词)
The weather has turnedcold.(形容词)
The speech isexciting.(分词)
Three times seven istwenty one?(数词)
His job isto teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)isplaying football.(动名词)
The machinemust beout of order.(介词短语)
Time isup. The class isover.(副词)
The truth isthat he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
   

They went to see anexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain preventedmeform. coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I havefive.(数词)
They helpedthe oldwith their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretendednot to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoylistening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I thinkthathe is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(
1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendme your dictionary, please.2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They electedhim their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:补充说明宾语的动作,状态,身份,特征等内容,通常位于宾语的后面。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
 
 His father named himJack.(名词)
They painted their boatwhite.(形容词)
Let the fresh airin.(副词)
 My aunt asked meto call you.(不定式短语)
We saw herentering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the labin good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our citywhat your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词,代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。限定名词的性质
,特征,数量,状态,类别等内容.定语有些放在被修饰的名词前,有些放在被修饰名词后,放在前边的叫前置定语,放在后边的叫后置定语.例如:
Two maps.       Two large new maps        Two large new maps of the world.

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilin is abeautifulcity.(形容词)
China is adevelopingcountry; America is adevelopedcountry.(分词)
There are thirtywomenteachers is our school.
(名词)
Hisrapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the firstto enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
Theteachingplan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an articleabout how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫做状语,它可表示时间
,地点,速度,方式,程度,手段等内容。状语可由以下形式表示:
Light travelsmost quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the cityfor ten years.(介词短语)
He is proudto have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the roommaking a model plane.(分词短语)
Waita minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting againat six?(时间状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance partybecause of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go thereif it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith liveson the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basketwith great care.(方式状语)
She came inwith a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tiredthat he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hardthough she is old.(让状语)
I am tallerthan he is.(比较状语)

 

编辑:辛彦忠
评论区
发表评论

评论仅供会员表达个人看法,并不表明网校同意其观点或证实其描述
教育部 中国现代教育网 不良信息 垃圾信息 网警110
郑重声明:本站全部内容均由本单位发布,本单位拥有全部运营和管理权,任何非本单位用户禁止注册。本站为教育公益服务站点,禁止将本站内容用于一切商业用途;如有任何内容侵权问题请务必联系本站站长,我们基于国家相关法律规定严格履行【通知—删除】义务。本单位一级域名因备案流程等原因,当前临时借用网校二级域名访问,使用此二级域名与本单位官网权属关系及运营管理权无关。陕西省咸阳彩虹学校 特此声明。
中华人民共和国电信经营许可证 ICP证 京ICP备13002626号-8 京公网安备11010502032087 陕西省咸阳彩虹学校 版权所有

联系地址:陕西省咸阳市彩虹路一号 邮编712021
北京网笑信息技术有限公司 仅提供技术支持 违法和不良信息举报中心